A typical sweet corn farm stand in the Midwest |
Berkeley's Monterey Market has corn from Brentwood, some of the best around |
A little research revealed some interesting answers. According to an article on corn in The University of Illinois Extension Newsletter, there are three distinct types of sweet corn, each with its own genetic background. The first, Standard Sweet (or "normal sugary"), is the sweet corn we ate years ago in Wisconsin. Varieties like Silver Queen or Golden flourished throughout the Midwest and the East. They are best suited to being husked and eaten in a very short time. This type has "delicate flavor, tender kernels and slender elegant ears." Over the years new hybrids were developed to increase the sweetness and keep corn fresher for longer. This brings us to the second type, called Sugary Enhancer. The sugar content is significantly higher in this type, while retaining the tenderness and creamy texture of standard varieties. The taste, texture, and tenderness are outstanding. Then, there is a third hybrid called Supersweet. This variety has overrun the markets, and to me, has a discordantly saccharin flavor and overly large and crunchy kernels. The Newsletter cited above states, "The kernels of the extra-sweet varieties have a crispy, tough-skinned texture and contain low amounts of polysaccharides that impart the creamy texture and 'corny' flavor to other varieties." Sometimes the Sugary Enhanced and Supersweet are combined in a bi-color variety called Synergy. U. of Illinois Extension-Corn
Two summer pleasures— Sweet Corn at the market and The San Francisco Giants ( Way to go Schmidt Farm) |
Bi-Color Corn at Ferry Plaza Market, combining Sugary Enhanced and Supersweet varieties, according to the vendor |
The trend toward sweeter and sweeter produce is troubling, not only because I don't like it, but also because it encourages the public's expectations that vegetables and fruits must be super sweet to be good. I hear the word "candy" bandied about at farmers' markets lately when customers are praising a piece of fruit. It seems inevitable that we will exchange flavor and complexity for sweetness and durability. America's sweet tooth is insatiable and we are beginning to pay the price.
A positive aspect of the new supersweet varieties is that you can now eat raw sweet corn in salads and side dishes which, to paraphrase Hamlet, was never dreamt of in our philosophy. Raw corn salads proliferate on the Internet and in cookbooks. Below is an especially appealing example, courtesy of Brittany Mullins, author of the lively blog Eating Bird Food.
Raw corn salad with avocado, red onion and basil—photo courtesy of Eating Bird Food |
A chef's knife is the best tool for removing kernels from the cob |
I found out just how indestructible the "supersweet' variety really is when I made a favorite corn and coconut dish from the Indian state of Gujarat. The corn kernels are first simmered in milk until the liquid is reduced, before spices and other ingredients are added. This time I started with too much milk and had to reduce it even longer, which took over an hour. I was curious to see how the kernels had fared. I tasted a few and, to my astonishment, they were as crisp and tough as they had been before being cooked! This had to be the Supersweet variety (it is impossible to tell which variety you are buying until you taste it). The hour-long simmering had not affected the texture of the kernels at all.
Gujarati style creamed corn with coconut milk and spices |
GUJARATI -STYLE CORN COOKED IN MILK WITH CHILES AND SPICES
Kernels from 6 ears fresh corn (preferably Standard Sweet), about 3 cups
1 cup milk
1 t. each ground cumin, coriander and curry powder
1 T butter
2 jalapeno chiles, seeded and chopped
1/2 inch piece ginger, peeled and finely chopped
1/2 cup coconut milk
6 sprigs fresh cilantro, chopped
1. Put corn and milk into a medium saucepan and simmer over medium heat, stirring often, until milk has reduced by three-quarters, 45 min-1 hour. Season to taste with salt.
2. Heat butter in a medium skillet over medium heat, add chiles, ginger and spices and stir for a few minutes until fragrant. Add corn mixture and coconut milk, and mix well. Add cilantro and cook for 1 minute more. Adjust seasonings.
My faithful, furry friend |
FEATURED BOOK: David Tanis, Corn: A Country Garden Cookbook, Collins Publishers, 1995
David Tanis, chef at Chez Panisse, author of recent bestsellers A Platter of Figs and Heart of the Artichoke, current City Kitchen columnist for The New York Times, wrote this gem in 1995 as part of Harper Collins Country Garden series. In each volume of the series, a different author covers a fruit or veg and includes useful info, lovely color photos, and elegant recipes. Interestingly enough, in the introduction to this book, written eighteen years ago, Tanis cites the three sweet corn hybrids— Standard Sweet, Sugary Enhanced and Supersweet— discussed above. He too laments the introduction of the extra sweet varieties into the marketplace. He reiterates "For me, some are just too sweet. I'm not convinced that altering sugar genes has produced a superior product, even though it has resulted in improved shelf life."
Great blog, full of interesting info on corn.
ReplyDeletePS: I love your cat!
Wow!!! Nice article, great research. What is it about sweetness and humans? I have no sweet tooth at all!!! Long for the corn of my South African childhood.
ReplyDeleteThis is so interesting. and I have an east coast perspective; here in the northeast, the corn is as good as anywhere. But it's funny -- Lucy just doesn't "get" our love of sweet corn. She didn't have it as a kid, and she is rather ho hum about it. Plus, there's all that shucking.
ReplyDeleteThose English have strange tastes, (though, I recall that Lucy is a great cook). Andrew, whom I consider English, loves corn on the cob. But he grew up in South Africa, which has a major corn crop. He reminisces about eating it as a youngster, and he still enjoys it
DeleteThoughtful article you have written. I'm in my 40s, from the Midwest where corn is grown all around me, and I miss the corn from my youth terribly. I believe the variety I loved most was called Bantam, and the kernels were a beautiful deep gold. The corn grown in those same exact fields is now all the supersweet variety, and it's just gross to me.
ReplyDeleteI have tried Farmers' Markets, Whole Foods, just about everywhere and can't find palatable corn. Modern corn is overly sweet and tastes only of sugar. It has a corn texture, but no corn flavor.
I see the same thing happening with tomatoes. It's so sad.
Thanks for the pic of your cute calico kitty! She's darling!
Just caught your welcome comment. Now things have deteriorated even further since I wrote the corn blog in 2012. When questioned, farmers say they can only buy seeds for a very few varieties. So a purple variety from Full Belly was totally absent this year. You're right, Bantam was the variety or my youth. Thanks and thanks for complements about my kitty Allie. Her favorite fruit is melon, which is now off-the-charts sweet.
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